far) on the navigation activity of older versus younger users. An experiment on a touchscreen tablet was conducted to determine the effects of interface type (icon, text label, or a combination of the two) and semantic distance (close vs. As users of these systems include older people, the present study focused on the effect of aging on the interpretation and use of icons during a navigational task. Icons are intended to provide meaning and to allow users to interact with touchscreen and mobile systems. Groups communicating evidence about policy options can use these results to design summaries, toolkits and reports for expert and non-expert audiences. Comprehension and preferences were remarkably consistent between the two samples. Users particularly wanted to see intervention effectiveness and quality, and policymakers also wanted to know the financial costs and negative consequences. The participants also reported what types of evidence they wanted and in what detail (e.g., subgroups, different outcomes). The best-performing graphics combined unambiguous metaphorical shapes with color cues and indications of quantity. A total of 252 UK residents from Prolific and 452 UK What Works Centre users interpreted the meaning of graphics shown without labels. We surveyed experts and non-experts on what information they wanted and tested their objective comprehension of commonly used graphics. However, the understanding of these representations is rarely studied. Groups in diverse fields (e.g., education, medicine, crime) use brief, graphical displays to list policy options, expected outcomes and evidence quality in order to make such evidence easy to assess. Policy decisions have vast consequences, but there is little empirical research on how best to communicate underlying evidence to decision-makers. Among the chief findings are (1) graphical representation affects the recognition rate of icons and influences user perception and (2) there are significant differences in performance in recognizing icons among different age groups. In particular, we examine how far any icon represents the meaning of the function for which it has been designed, chosen and installed by the mobile phone manufacturer and designer.
In terms of semiotics, the function of representation involves emphasizing the relationship between the object and the interpretant. The present paper offers an analysis of graphic representation by means of icons for mobile devices. Well-designed icons and graphics allow the user to recognize without the need of additional instructions the functions available on the mobile device in question. Mobile applications on smart phones and tablets and on mobile devices in general have increased the dependence of the user on icons and graphic elements for effective communication via the interface.
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